What is the Zika Virus?

The Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne virus that was first identified in humans in 1952 in Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania. Outbreaks of Zika have been recorded in Africa, Asia, the Pacific and most recently in the Americas.

On February 01, 2016 the World Health Organisation announced that clusters of microcephaly (responsible for abnormal smallness of the head associated with incomplete brain development) and other neurological disorders potentially linked to the spread of the Zika virus represents a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC).

How is Zika spread?

The Aedes aegypti is the principal mosquito species that transmits the Zika virus, Dengue, Chickungunya and Yellow Fever.

Mother to Child

The Zika virus can be transferred from mother to child during pregnancy.

Sexual Transmission

There is also evidence that the virus can be transmitted from a man to his sex partners. In the two recorded instances of likely sexual transmission, both men displayed symptoms of the virus. It is not yet known if a woman can transfer the virus to her sex partners (CDC). For more on the Zika Virus and sexual transmission visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Who is at Risk?

Persons living in territories where the Aedes aegypti mosquito species is present are at risk.

High risk persons include infants and elderly who are unable to protect themselves against mosquito bites.

Given the suspected association between the Zika virus and birth defects pregnant women are especially advised to take precaution against contracting the virus. The unborn are listed as the most at risk group.

Know the Symptoms

Infection with Zika virus may be suspected based on symptoms and history including travel to a region where Zika virus is known to be present. The virus however can only be confirmed by laboratory testing.

The incubation period (time from exposure to symptoms) for the Zika virus is likely to be a few days. One in four persons who contract the virus will exhibit symptoms. These can include:

• Mild fever
• Conjunctivitis (reddening of the eyes)
• Muscle and joint pain
• Skin rashes

The symptoms are usually mild and normally last for 2-7 days. There is no specific treatment or vaccine currently available. Persons exhibiting symptoms should get plenty of rest, drink sufficient fluids and may treat pain and fever with common medicine.

If symptoms persist individuals should seek treatment from a physician.

Zika Prevention

Prevention and control of the Zika virus relies on the reduction of mosquito populations through source reduction (the removal and modification of breeding sites) and reduced contact between mosquitos and people.

Create a Zero Zika Zone

Use these practical tips to keep your home Zika free.

Zika and Sexual Transmission

To prevent the possible sexual transfer of the virus, persons who have traveled to or live in territories where the Zika virus is present can abstain or correctly use a condom in every instance of intercourse. For more on the Zika Virus and sexual transmission visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.